reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives

The activated carboxylic acid is derivatized with a half-protected aliphatic diamine (mono- N-( t-BOC)-propylenediamine, M6248), usually in an organic solvent, followed by removal of the t-BOC–protecting group with trifluoroacetic acid. The resultant aliphatic amine can then be modified with any of the amine-reactive reagents described in Fluorophores and Their Amine-Reactive Derivatives-Chapter 1 or coupled to solid-phase matrices for affinity chromatography.įigure 3.4.1 Conversion of a carboxylic acid group into an aliphatic amine. Following coupling of the half-protected aliphatic diamine to an activated carboxylic acid, the t-BOC group can be quantitatively removed with trifluoroacetic acid ( Figure 3.4.1). Alternatively, the half-protected tert-butyloxycarbonyl ( t-BOC) propylenediamine derivative ( M6248) is useful for converting organic solvent–soluble carboxylic acids into aliphatic amines. Chapter 23-Antifades and Other Tools for Fluorescence ApplicationsĬarboxylic acids can be converted to esters, amides, acyl hydrazides or hydroxamic acids, all of which are discussed in this section.Chapter 22-Probes for Membrane Potential.Chapter 21-Indicators for Na+, K+, Cl– and Miscellaneous Ions.Chapter 19-Indicators for Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+ and Other Metal Ions.Chapter 18-Probes for Reactive Oxygen Species, Including Nitric Oxide.Chapter 17-Probes for Signal Transduction.Chapter 16-Probes for Endocytosis, Receptors and Ion Channels.Chapter 15-Assays for Cell Viability, Proliferation and Function.Chapter 14-Fluorescent Tracers of Cell Morphology and Fluid Flow.Chapter 13-Probes for Lipids and Membranes.Chapter 11-Probes for Cytoskeletal Proteins.Chapter 10-Enzyme Substrates and Assays.Chapter 9-Protein Detection and Analysis.Chapter 8-Nucleic Acid Detection and Analysis.Chapter 7-Antibodies, Avidins and Lectins.Chapter 6-Ultrasensitive Detection Technology.Chapter 5-Crosslinking and Photoactivatable Reagents.Chapter 4-Biotin and Hapten Derivatives.Chapter 3-Click Chemistry and other Functional Group Modifications.

Chapter 1-Fluorophores and Their Amine-Reactive Derivatives.

Reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives